--disable_warnings DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1,t2,t3; --enable_warnings ######## Running INSERT tests for DATE ######## # Create tables CREATE TABLE t1(c1 DATE NOT NULL, c2 DATE NULL, c3 DATETIME, c4 TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY(c1), UNIQUE INDEX(c2)); CREATE TABLE t2(c1 DATE NOT NULL, c2 DATE NULL, c3 DATETIME, c4 TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2)); CREATE TABLE t3(c1 DATE NOT NULL, c2 DATE NULL, c3 DATETIME, c4 TIMESTAMP, UNIQUE INDEX idx(c1,c2)); CREATE TABLE t4(c1 DATE NOT NULL, c2 DATE NULL, c3 DATETIME, c4 TIMESTAMP); # Insert some rows with targeted values # As a string in either 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS', 'YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS', 'YYYY-MM-DD' or 'YY-MM-DD' format INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); # As a string with no delimiters in either 'YYYYMMDDHHMMSS', 'YYMMDDHHMMSS', 'YYYYMMDD' or 'YYMMDD' format INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); # As a number in either YYYYMMDDHHMMSS, YYMMDDHHMMSS, YYYYMMDD or YYMMDD format INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); # As the result of a function SET TIMESTAMP=1233216687; # 2009-01-29 13:41:27 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); # Insert duplicates for parts of the clustered key/unique index INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98-12-29','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98-12-29','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'); # Insert permissible NULLs INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('2008-01-01',NULL,'08-01-02','08/01/03'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('2008-01-01',NULL,'08-01-02','08/01/03'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('2008-01-01',NULL,'08-01-02','08/01/03'); # Insert duplicate NULLs to unique column INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('08/01/17',NULL); DELETE FROM t1 WHERE c1='08/01/17' AND c2 IS NULL; # Insert empty string '', would be converted to zero value of the appropriate type INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('','','08-01-04','08/01/05') /* Inserts zero dates for '' strings */; # Insert invalid dates, would be converted to zero value of the appropriate type INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('2008-04-31','2008-04-31','08-01-06','08/01/07') /* Inserts zero dates for invalid dates */; INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('10:45:15','10:45:15','08-01-08','08/1/9') /* Inserts zero dates for invalid dates */; # Insert zero dates INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('0000-00-00','08-01-06','08-01-06','08/01/07'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('08-01-06','00-00-00','08-01-08','08/1/9'); # Insert non-date value(absurd values), would be converted to zero value of the appropriate type INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('abcd','abcd','08-01-10','08/01/11'),(1234,1234,'08-01-12','08/01/13') /* Inserts zero dates for absurd dates */; # Now select using various table access methods (full table scan, range scan, index scan etc.) --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t4; # Select from table with single column primary key and single column index, with column values zero, NULL ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c4 = '2007-05-26 00:00:00'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c2 FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Select from table with clustered primary key, with column values zero, NULL ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '2008-01-06'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c4 = '2007-05-24 09:15:28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Select from table with clustered index, with column values zero, NULL ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c4 = '2007-05-24 09:15:28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Test Error conditions- PK constraint violation, Unique constraint violation # Insert duplicate value to pk column --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('20070525','070523091528') /* Row with c1='20070525' exists */; # Insert duplicate value to clustered pk, throws error --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* Row with c1=19830907,c2=830907 exists */; # Insert duplicate value to unique column, throws error --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES(19840905,830907) /* Row with c2=830907 exists */; # Insert duplicate value to clustered unique column, throws error --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* Row with c1=19830907,c2=830907 exists */; # Test 'INSERT IGNORE' with the same rows that reported constraint violation above # Ignore pk constraint INSERT IGNORE INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('20070525','20070527') /* doesn't throw error */; INSERT IGNORE INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* doesn't throw error */; # Ignore unique constraint INSERT IGNORE INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES(19840905,830907) /* doesn't throw error */; INSERT IGNORE INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* doesn't throw error */; # Test that the rows are same SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='20070525' /* Returns 1 row with c1=2007-05-25 */; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1=19830907 AND c2=830907 /* Returns 1 row with c1=1983-09-07 and c2=1983-09-07 */; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2=830907 /* Returns 1 row with c2=1983-09-07 */; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1=19830907 AND c2=830907 /* Returns 1 row with c1=1983-09-07 and c2=1983-09-07 */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with single column PK SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='20070527' /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t1(c1) VALUES('20070525') ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1='20070527'; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='20070527' /* Returns 1 row with c1=2007-05-27 */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with multi-column PK SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=19830909,c2=830910; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns 1 row with c1=19830909,c2=830910 */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with single column unique SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES(19840905,830907) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=19830909,c2=830910; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns 1 row */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with multi-column unique SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=19830909,c2=830910; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns 1 row */; # Test 'INSERT SET' INSERT INTO t1 SET c1='1999-01-01',c2='1999-01-01'; INSERT INTO t2 SET c1='1999-01-01',c2='1999-01-01'; INSERT INTO t3 SET c1='1999-01-01'; INSERT INTO t4 SET c2='1999-01-01'; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='1999-01-01' AND c2='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1='1999-01-01' AND c2='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE c2='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; # Test 'INSERT INTO SELECT FROM' CREATE TABLE t5(c1 DATE NOT NULL, c2 DATE NULL, c3 DATETIME, c4 TIMESTAMP, INDEX idx(c1,c2)); INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >=0 AND c1 < '20070523091528'; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t5; TRUNCATE TABLE t5; INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >='98-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '20070523091528' AND c2 <> '070525'; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t5; TRUNCATE TABLE t5; INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN 0 AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45'; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t5; TRUNCATE TABLE t5; DROP TABLE t5; # Test Specific values to column types # Test insert values across range to 'DATE' columns INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('1000-01-01','2000-01-01','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('3000-01-01','4000-01-01','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('5000-01-01','6000-01-01','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'),('7000-01-01','8000-01-01','2009-01-07','2009-01-08'),('9000-01-01','9000-01-01','2009-01-09','2009-01-10'),('9999-12-31','9999-12-31','2009-01-11','2009-01-12'); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('1000-01-01','2000-01-01','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('3000-01-01','4000-01-01','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('5000-01-01','6000-01-01','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'),('7000-01-01','8000-01-01','2009-01-07','2009-01-08'),('9000-01-01','9000-01-01','2009-01-09','2009-01-10'),('9999-12-31','9999-12-31','2009-01-11','2009-01-12'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('1000-01-01','2000-01-01','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('3000-01-01','4000-01-01','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('5000-01-01','6000-01-01','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'),('7000-01-01','8000-01-01','2009-01-07','2009-01-08'),('9000-01-01','9000-01-01','2009-01-09','2009-01-10'),('9999-12-31','9999-12-31','2009-01-11','2009-01-12'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('1000-01-01','2000-01-01','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('3000-01-01','4000-01-01','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('5000-01-01','6000-01-01','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'),('7000-01-01','8000-01-01','2009-01-07','2009-01-08'),('9000-01-01','9000-01-01','2009-01-09','2009-01-10'),('9999-12-31','9999-12-31','2009-01-11','2009-01-12'); # Insert valid dates containing a zero for the month or for the day INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('2010-00-01','2010-10-00'); INSERT INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES('2010-00-01','2010-10-00'); INSERT INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES('2010-00-01','2010-10-00'); INSERT INTO t4(c1,c2) VALUES('2010-00-01','2010-10-00'); # Insert invalid dates, inserts zero values INSERT INTO t4(c1) VALUES('2009-02-30'),('2009-04-31'),('2009-06-31'),('2009-09-31'),('2009-11-31'),('2009-13-01'),('2009-12-32'); # Test insert NULL to non-null column --error ER_BAD_NULL_ERROR INSERT INTO t1(c1) VALUES(NULL); --error ER_BAD_NULL_ERROR INSERT INTO t2(c1) VALUES(NULL); --error ER_BAD_NULL_ERROR INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(NULL,'2008-01-14','08-01-15','08/01/16'); --error ER_BAD_NULL_ERROR INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL,'2008-01-14','08-01-15','08/01/16'); # Test INSERT SET with no default for not null column SET SQL_MODE=STRICT_ALL_TABLES; --error ER_NO_DEFAULT_FOR_FIELD INSERT INTO t4 SET c2='1999-01-01' /* NOT NULL column will not get the default value */; SET SQL_MODE=''; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t4; # Now select using various table access methods ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24 09:15:28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26 00:00:00'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c4 = '2009-01-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c2 FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c4 = '2008-01-05'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c2 FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Using Index-merge --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='1000-00-01' OR c2='9999-12-31'; # Using index for group-by --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1 GROUP BY c2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24 09:15:28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26 00:00:00'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c4 = '2009-01-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c4 = '2008-01-07'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24 09:15:28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '1000-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26 00:00:00'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01' AND c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c4 = '2009-01-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','9999-12-31') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '9999-12-31' AND c1 = '9999-12-31' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c4 = '2008-01-09'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01' AND '2010-10-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01','2010-10-00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Using index for group-by --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t3 GROUP BY c1; --sorted_result SELECT DISTINCT c1 FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT c1,MIN(c2) FROM t3 GROUP BY c1; DROP TABLE t1,t2,t3,t4; ######## Running INSERT tests for DATETIME ######## # Create tables CREATE TABLE t1(c1 DATETIME NOT NULL, c2 DATETIME NULL, c3 DATE, c4 TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY(c1), UNIQUE INDEX(c2)); CREATE TABLE t2(c1 DATETIME NOT NULL, c2 DATETIME NULL, c3 DATE, c4 TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2)); CREATE TABLE t3(c1 DATETIME NOT NULL, c2 DATETIME NULL, c3 DATE, c4 TIMESTAMP, UNIQUE INDEX idx(c1,c2)); CREATE TABLE t4(c1 DATETIME NOT NULL, c2 DATETIME NULL, c3 DATE, c4 TIMESTAMP); # Insert some rows with targeted values # As a string in either 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS', 'YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS', 'YYYY-MM-DD' or 'YY-MM-DD' format INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); # As a string with no delimiters in either 'YYYYMMDDHHMMSS', 'YYMMDDHHMMSS', 'YYYYMMDD' or 'YYMMDD' format INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); # As a number in either YYYYMMDDHHMMSS, YYMMDDHHMMSS, YYYYMMDD or YYMMDD format INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); # As the result of a function SET TIMESTAMP=1233216687; # 2009-01-29 13:41:27 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); # Insert duplicates for parts of the clustered key/unique index INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98-12-29','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98-12-29','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'); # Insert permissible NULLs INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('2008-01-01',NULL,'08-01-02','08/01/03'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('2008-01-01',NULL,'08-01-02','08/01/03'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('2008-01-01',NULL,'08-01-02','08/01/03'); # Insert duplicate NULLs to unique column INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('08/01/17',NULL); DELETE FROM t1 WHERE c1='08/01/17' AND c2 IS NULL; # Insert empty string '', would be converted to zero value of the appropriate type INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('','','08-01-04','08/01/05') /* Inserts zero dates for '' strings */; # Insert invalid dates, would be converted to zero value of the appropriate type INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('2008-04-31','2008-04-31','08-01-06','08/01/07') /* Inserts zero dates for invalid dates */; INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('10:45:15','10:45:15','08-01-08','08/1/9') /* Inserts zero dates for invalid dates */; # Insert zero dates INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('0000-00-00','08-01-06','08-01-06','08/01/07'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('08-01-06','00-00-00','08-01-08','08/1/9'); # Insert non-date value(absurd values), would be converted to zero value of the appropriate type INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('abcd','abcd','08-01-10','08/01/11'),(1234,1234,'08-01-12','08/01/13') /* Inserts zero dates for absurd dates */; # Now select using various table access methods (full table scan, range scan, index scan etc.) --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t4; # Select from table with single column primary key and single column index, with column values zero, NULL ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c4 = '2007-05-26 00:00:00'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c2 FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Select from table with clustered primary key, with column values zero, NULL ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '2008-01-06'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c4 = '2007-05-24 09:15:28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Select from table with clustered index, with column values zero, NULL ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c4 = '2007-05-24 09:15:28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Test Error conditions- PK constraint violation, Unique constraint violation # Insert duplicate value to pk column --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('20070525','070523091528') /* Row with c1='20070525' exists */; # Insert duplicate value to clustered pk, throws error --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* Row with c1=19830907,c2=830907 exists */; # Insert duplicate value to unique column, throws error --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES(19840905,830907) /* Row with c2=830907 exists */; # Insert duplicate value to clustered unique column, throws error --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* Row with c1=19830907,c2=830907 exists */; # Test 'INSERT IGNORE' with the same rows that reported constraint violation above # Ignore pk constraint INSERT IGNORE INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('20070525','20070527') /* doesn't throw error */; INSERT IGNORE INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* doesn't throw error */; # Ignore unique constraint INSERT IGNORE INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES(19840905,830907) /* doesn't throw error */; INSERT IGNORE INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* doesn't throw error */; # Test that the rows are same SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='20070525' /* Returns 1 row with c1=2007-05-25 */; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1=19830907 AND c2=830907 /* Returns 1 row with c1=1983-09-07 and c2=1983-09-07 */; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2=830907 /* Returns 1 row with c2=1983-09-07 */; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1=19830907 AND c2=830907 /* Returns 1 row with c1=1983-09-07 and c2=1983-09-07 */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with single column PK SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='20070527' /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t1(c1) VALUES('20070525') ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1='20070527'; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='20070527' /* Returns 1 row with c1=2007-05-27 */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with multi-column PK SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=19830909,c2=830910; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns 1 row with c1=19830909,c2=830910 */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with single column unique SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES(19840905,830907) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=19830909,c2=830910; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns 1 row */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with multi-column unique SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=19830909,c2=830910; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns 1 row */; # Test 'INSERT SET' INSERT INTO t1 SET c1='1999-01-01',c2='1999-01-01'; INSERT INTO t2 SET c1='1999-01-01',c2='1999-01-01'; INSERT INTO t3 SET c1='1999-01-01'; INSERT INTO t4 SET c2='1999-01-01'; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='1999-01-01' AND c2='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1='1999-01-01' AND c2='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE c2='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; # Test 'INSERT INTO SELECT FROM' CREATE TABLE t5(c1 DATETIME NOT NULL, c2 DATETIME NULL, c3 DATE, c4 TIMESTAMP, INDEX idx(c1,c2)); INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >=0 AND c1 < '20070523091528'; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t5; TRUNCATE TABLE t5; INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >='98-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '20070523091528' AND c2 <> '070525'; #Following query produces different results #for differenct engine/platform --disable_result_log --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t5; --enable_result_log TRUNCATE TABLE t5; INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN 0 AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45'; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t5; TRUNCATE TABLE t5; DROP TABLE t5; # Test Specific values to column types # Test insert range values to 'DATETIME' columns INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('1000-01-01 00:00:00','2000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('3000-01-01 00:00:00','4000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('5000-01-01 00:00:00','6000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'),('7000-01-01 00:00:00','8000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-07','2009-01-08'),('9000-01-01 00:00:00','9000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-09','2009-01-10'),('9999-12-31 23:59:59','9999-12-31 23:59:59','2009-01-11','2009-01-12'); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('1000-01-01 00:00:00','2000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('3000-01-01 00:00:00','4000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('5000-01-01 00:00:00','6000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'),('7000-01-01 00:00:00','8000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-07','2009-01-08'),('9000-01-01 00:00:00','9000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-09','2009-01-10'),('9999-12-31 23:59:59','9999-12-31 23:59:59','2009-01-11','2009-01-12'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('1000-01-01 00:00:00','2000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('3000-01-01 00:00:00','4000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('5000-01-01 00:00:00','6000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'),('7000-01-01 00:00:00','8000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-07','2009-01-08'),('9000-01-01 00:00:00','9000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-09','2009-01-10'),('9999-12-31 23:59:59','9999-12-31 23:59:59','2009-01-11','2009-01-12'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('1000-01-01 00:00:00','2000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('3000-01-01 00:00:00','4000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('5000-01-01 00:00:00','6000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'),('7000-01-01 00:00:00','8000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-07','2009-01-08'),('9000-01-01 00:00:00','9000-01-01 00:00:00','2009-01-09','2009-01-10'),('9999-12-31 23:59:59','9999-12-31 23:59:59','2009-01-11','2009-01-12'); # Insert valid dates containing a zero for the month or for the day INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('2010-00-01','2010-10-00'); INSERT INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES('2010-00-01','2010-10-00'); INSERT INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES('2010-00-01','2010-10-00'); INSERT INTO t4(c1,c2) VALUES('2010-00-01','2010-10-00'); # Insert invalid dates, inserts zero values INSERT INTO t4(c1) VALUES('2009-02-30'),('2009-04-31'),('2009-06-31'),('2009-09-31'),('2009-11-31'),('2009-13-01'),('2009-12-32'),('2009-01-01 23:60:60'),('2009-01-01 24:59:59'),('2009-01-01 23:59:60'); # Test insert NULL to non-null column --error ER_BAD_NULL_ERROR INSERT INTO t1(c1) VALUES(NULL); --error ER_BAD_NULL_ERROR INSERT INTO t2(c1) VALUES(NULL); --error ER_BAD_NULL_ERROR INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(NULL,'2008-01-14 00:00:00','08-01-15','08/01/16'); --error ER_BAD_NULL_ERROR INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL,'2008-01-14 00:00:00','08-01-15','08/01/16'); # Test INSERT SET with no default for not null column SET SQL_MODE=STRICT_ALL_TABLES; --error ER_NO_DEFAULT_FOR_FIELD INSERT INTO t4 SET c2='1999-01-01' /* NOT NULL column will not get the default value */; SET SQL_MODE=''; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t4; # Now select using various table access methods ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c4 = '2009-01-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c2 FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c4 = '2008-01-05'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c2 FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Using Index-merge --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='1000-00-01 00:00:00' OR c2='9999-12-31 23:59:59'; # Using index for group-by --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1 GROUP BY c2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c4 = '2009-01-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c4 = '2008-01-07'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '1000-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c4 = '2009-01-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','9999-12-31 23:59:59') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '9999-12-31 23:59:59' AND c1 = '9999-12-31 23:59:59' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c4 = '2008-01-09'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1000-00-01 00:00:00','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1000-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Using index for group-by --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t3 GROUP BY c1; --sorted_result SELECT DISTINCT c1 FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT c1,MIN(c2) FROM t3 GROUP BY c1; DROP TABLE t1,t2,t3,t4; ######## Running INSERT tests for TIMESTAMP ######## # Create tables CREATE TABLE t1(c1 TIMESTAMP NOT NULL, c2 TIMESTAMP NULL, c3 DATE, c4 DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY(c1), UNIQUE INDEX(c2)); CREATE TABLE t2(c1 TIMESTAMP NOT NULL, c2 TIMESTAMP NULL, c3 DATE, c4 DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2)); CREATE TABLE t3(c1 TIMESTAMP NOT NULL, c2 TIMESTAMP NULL, c3 DATE, c4 DATETIME, UNIQUE INDEX idx(c1,c2)); CREATE TABLE t4(c1 TIMESTAMP NOT NULL, c2 TIMESTAMP NULL, c3 DATE, c4 DATETIME); # Insert some rows with targeted values # As a string in either 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS', 'YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS', 'YYYY-MM-DD' or 'YY-MM-DD' format INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'),('98-12-29','98.12.29','98-12-29','98.12.29'),('98/12/28','98@12@28','98/12/28','98@12@28'); # As a string with no delimiters in either 'YYYYMMDDHHMMSS', 'YYMMDDHHMMSS', 'YYYYMMDD' or 'YYMMDD' format INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('20070523091528','070523091528','20070524091528','070524091528'),('20070525','070525','20070526','070526'); # As a number in either YYYYMMDDHHMMSS, YYMMDDHHMMSS, YYYYMMDD or YYMMDD format INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(19830905132800,830905132800,19830906132800,830906132800),(19830907,830907,19830908,830908); # As the result of a function SET TIMESTAMP=1233216687; # 2009-01-29 13:41:27 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NOW(),CURRENT_DATE,NOW(),CURRENT_DATE); # Insert duplicates for parts of the clustered key/unique index INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98-12-29','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('98-12-31 11:30:45','98@12@30 11^30^45','98-12-31 11:30:45','98.12.31 11+30+45'),('98-12-29','98@12@30 11^30^45','98/12/30 11*30*45','98@12@30 11^30^45'); # Insert permissible NULLs INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('2008-01-01',NULL,'08-01-02','08/01/03'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('2008-01-01',NULL,'08-01-02','08/01/03'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('2008-01-01',NULL,'08-01-02','08/01/03'); # Insert duplicate NULLs to unique column INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('08/01/17',NULL); DELETE FROM t1 WHERE c1='08/01/17' AND c2 IS NULL; # Insert empty string '', would be converted to zero value of the appropriate type INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('','','08-01-04','08/01/05') /* Inserts zero dates for '' strings */; # Insert invalid dates, would be converted to zero value of the appropriate type INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('2008-04-31','2008-04-31','08-01-06','08/01/07') /* Inserts zero dates for invalid dates */; INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('10:45:15','10:45:15','08-01-08','08/1/9') /* Inserts zero dates for invalid dates */; # Insert zero dates INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('0000-00-00','08-01-06','08-01-06','08/01/07'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('08-01-06','00-00-00','08-01-08','08/1/9'); # Insert non-date value(absurd values), would be converted to zero value of the appropriate type INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('abcd','abcd','08-01-10','08/01/11'),(1234,1234,'08-01-12','08/01/13') /* Inserts zero dates for absurd dates */; # Now select using various table access methods (full table scan, range scan, index scan etc.) --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t4; # Select from table with single column primary key and single column index, with column values zero, NULL ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-29 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1983-09-07 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c4 = '2007-05-26 00:00:00'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c2 FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-31 11:30:45' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-31 11:30:45') ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Select from table with clustered primary key, with column values zero, NULL ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '2008-01-06'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1983-09-07 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1983-09-07 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c4 = '2007-05-24 09:15:28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '1983-09-05 13:28:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2007-05-23 09:15:28' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2007-05-23 09:15:28') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '2007-05-23 09:15:28' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Select from table with clustered index, with column values zero, NULL ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND '2008-01-06 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1998-12-31 11:30:45','2008-01-06 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1998-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '2008-01-06 00:00:00' AND c2 = '1998-12-28 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2009-01-29' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2009-01-29') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2009-01-29' AND c2 = '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c4 = '2007-05-24 09:15:28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '1998-12-29 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','1998-12-30 11:30:45') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c2 < '1998-12-30 11:30:45' AND c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Test Error conditions- PK constraint violation, Unique constraint violation # Insert duplicate value to pk column --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('20070525','070523091528') /* Row with c1='20070525' exists */; # Insert duplicate value to clustered pk, throws error --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* Row with c1=19830907,c2=830907 exists */; # Insert duplicate value to unique column, throws error --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES(19840905,830907) /* Row with c2=830907 exists */; # Insert duplicate value to clustered unique column, throws error --error ER_DUP_ENTRY INSERT INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* Row with c1=19830907,c2=830907 exists */; # Test 'INSERT IGNORE' with the same rows that reported constraint violation above # Ignore pk constraint INSERT IGNORE INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES('20070525','20070527') /* doesn't throw error */; INSERT IGNORE INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* doesn't throw error */; # Ignore unique constraint INSERT IGNORE INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES(19840905,830907) /* doesn't throw error */; INSERT IGNORE INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) /* doesn't throw error */; # Test that the rows are same SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='20070525' /* Returns 1 row with c1=2007-05-25 */; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1=19830907 AND c2=830907 /* Returns 1 row with c1=1983-09-07 and c2=1983-09-07 */; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2=830907 /* Returns 1 row with c2=1983-09-07 */; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1=19830907 AND c2=830907 /* Returns 1 row with c1=1983-09-07 and c2=1983-09-07 */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with single column PK SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='20070527' /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t1(c1) VALUES('20070525') ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1='20070527'; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='20070527' /* Returns 1 row with c1=2007-05-27 */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with multi-column PK SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t2(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=19830909,c2=830910; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns 1 row with c1=19830909,c2=830910 */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with single column unique SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t1(c1,c2) VALUES(19840905,830907) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=19830909,c2=830910; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns 1 row */; # Test 'INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE' with multi-column unique SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns no rows */; INSERT INTO t3(c1,c2) VALUES(19830907,830907) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=19830909,c2=830910; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1=19830909 AND c2=830910 /* Returns 1 row */; # Test 'INSERT SET' INSERT INTO t1 SET c1='1999-01-01',c2='1999-01-01'; INSERT INTO t2 SET c1='1999-01-01',c2='1999-01-01'; INSERT INTO t3 SET c1='1999-01-01'; INSERT INTO t4 SET c2='1999-01-01'; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='1999-01-01' AND c2='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1='1999-01-01' AND c2='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE c2='1999-01-01' /* Returns 1 row with values for other column as NULL */; # Test 'INSERT INTO SELECT FROM' CREATE TABLE t5(c1 TIMESTAMP NOT NULL, c2 TIMESTAMP NULL, c3 DATE, c4 DATETIME, INDEX idx(c1,c2)); INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >=0 AND c1 < '20070523091528'; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t5; TRUNCATE TABLE t5; INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >='98-12-31 11:30:45' AND c1 < '20070523091528' AND c2 <> '070525'; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t5; TRUNCATE TABLE t5; INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN 0 AND '1998-12-30 11:30:45'; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t5; TRUNCATE TABLE t5; DROP TABLE t5; # Test Specific values to column types # Test insert range values to 'TIMESTAMP' columns INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('1971-01-01 00:00:01','1980-01-01 00:00:01','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('1990-01-01 00:00:01','2000-01-01 00:00:01','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('2038-01-09 03:14:07','2038-01-09 03:14:07','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'); INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('1971-01-01 00:00:01','1980-01-01 00:00:01','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('1990-01-01 00:00:01','2000-01-01 00:00:01','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('2038-01-09 03:14:07','2038-01-09 03:14:07','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('1971-01-01 00:00:01','1980-01-01 00:00:01','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('1990-01-01 00:00:01','2000-01-01 00:00:01','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('2038-01-09 03:14:07','2038-01-09 03:14:07','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('1971-01-01 00:00:01','1980-01-01 00:00:01','2009-01-01','2009-01-02'),('1990-01-01 00:00:01','2000-01-01 00:00:01','2009-01-03','2009-01-04'),('2038-01-09 03:14:07','2038-01-09 03:14:07','2009-01-05','2009-01-06'); # Insert dates containing a zero for the month or for the day, convert to zero INSERT INTO t4(c1,c2) VALUES('2010-00-01','2010-10-00'); # Insert invalid dates, inserts zero values INSERT INTO t4(c1) VALUES('2009-02-30'),('2009-04-31'),('2009-06-31'),('2009-09-31'),('2009-11-31'),('2009-13-01'),('2009-12-32'),('2009-01-01 23:60:60'),('2009-01-01 24:59:59'),('2009-01-01 23:59:60'); # Test insert NULL to non-null column # Inserting NULL to TIMESTAMP NOT NULL field doesn't throw error, but records the current/set timestamp DELETE FROM t1 WHERE c1=NOW() /* because the row with current timestamp exists */; INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL,NOW(),NOW(),NOW()); SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL /* returns no rows */; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1=NOW() /* returns 1 row */; INSERT INTO t2(c1) VALUES(NULL); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(NULL,'2008-01-14 00:00:00','08-01-15','08/01/16'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL,'2008-01-14 00:00:00','08-01-15','08/01/16'); # Test INSERT SET with no default for not null column SET SQL_MODE=STRICT_ALL_TABLES; INSERT INTO t4 SET c2='1999-01-01' /* NOT NULL column will get the default value as current timestamp */; SET SQL_MODE=''; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t4; # Now select using various table access methods ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1 FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c4 = '2009-01-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c2 FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t1; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c4 = '2008-01-05'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c2 FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Using Index-merge --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1='1971-01-01 00:00:01' OR c2='2038-01-09 03:14:07'; # Using index for group-by --sorted_result SELECT c2 FROM t1 GROUP BY c2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c4 = '2009-01-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t2; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c4 = '2008-01-07'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-24'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '1971-01-01 00:00:01' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '2007-05-26'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '0000-00-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00 00:00:00','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00 00:00:00' AND c1 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c1) as min_value, max(c1) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c3 = '1998-12-28'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 > '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <= '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 <=> '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 BETWEEN '0000-00-00' AND '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IN ('0000-00-00','2010-00-01 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 >= '0000-00-00' AND c1 < '2010-00-01 00:00:00' AND c2 = '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c4 = '2009-01-29'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2038-01-09 03:14:07') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2038-01-09 03:14:07' AND c1 = '2038-01-09 03:14:07' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Full table scan ## --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT count(*) as total_rows, min(c2) as min_value, max(c2) FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c4 = '2008-01-09'; ## Forward index scan, covering ## --sorted_result SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3; ## Backward index scan, covering ## SELECT c1,c2 FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; ## Forward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Backward index scan, non-covering ## SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## ref type access SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 = '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ## Range access, ordered ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 LIMIT 2; ## Range access, backwards scan ## SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 > '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 < '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <= '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 <=> '2010-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 BETWEEN '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND '2010-10-00 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IN ('1971-01-01 00:00:01','2010-10-00 00:00:00') ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 >= '1971-01-01 00:00:01' AND c2 < '2010-10-00 00:00:00' AND c1 = '2010-00-01 00:00:00' ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC; SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE c2 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY c1,c2 DESC LIMIT 2; # Using index for group-by --sorted_result SELECT c1 FROM t3 GROUP BY c1; --sorted_result SELECT DISTINCT c1 FROM t3; --sorted_result SELECT c1,MIN(c2) FROM t3 GROUP BY c1; DROP TABLE t1,t2,t3,t4;